Chinese Entrepreneurs in Singapore Paths to Success Essay

Chinese Entrepreneurs in Singapore: Paths to Success Due to the economic hardships and threat of Japanese invasion in China in the first half of the 20th century, many men left their homeland in search of success and opportunities abroad. One of the places that many of them migrated to was Singapore. This new and foreign place was fraught with obstacles; however, some of these Chinese men eventually achieved great success. The success of these Chinese entrepreneurs in Singapore was not only due to their personal determination, but it was also contingent upon their social ties, and the economic and political conditions. In the following essay, the experiences of Ng Teow Yhee and Chew Choo Keng will be referred to extensively to†¦show more content†¦Fearing for his life, Ng went abroad with the goal in mind of obtaining a stable job that would allow him to afford three meals a day and earn enough money to send home to his parents so that they would not have to suffer so much. Initially, he did not plan on going to Singapore beca use of the negative impressions he had about it; however, since he was unable to obtain a permit in the Philippines, he was forced to go to Singapore anyways. (Chan Chiang, 51) Similarly, Chew had no intention of going abroad but was forced to because of the war. However, his situation was a bit different—in 1934, he actually voluntarily registered for conscription. (Chan Chiang, 89) His parents disapproved and sent him abroad to earn a living. Thus, he arrived in Singapore in 1936. By that time, he had made up his mind only to succeed and earn money to send back to his parents in order to make them happy. (Chan Chiang, 90-91) This shows that from the beginning, both these men had the determination to improve their own, as well as their families’ financial situations and well-being. They had the initial drive towards economic innovation and risk-taking, which eventually allowed them to achieve great success. However, their hardworking disposition was not the only precondition necessary to facilitate successful entrepreneurship and thus should not be considered to be only factor that lead to their success, since in many cases, others with the sameShow MoreRelatedJohn L. Gokongwei Jr. - a Leadership Article1437 Words   |  6 Pages Who is he? â€Å"Call it trite--but, believe me, success can be achieved, through hard work, frugality, integrity, responsiveness to change--and most of all, boldness to dream. These have never been just easy slogans for me. I have lived by them† Gokongwei Jr., John L., Commencement Address (AdMU), 27 March 2004. Ranked by Forbes Asia as the third richest entrepreneur of the Philippines in the year 2010, John L. Gokongwei Jr., is a Chinese-Filipino business man who was born on August 11Read MoreDoes Size And Growth Of These Two Nations Have Any Relation? 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The Deadly Famine And The 1907 Chinese Famine Essay

In the dawn of humanity, the first human beings started to gather food from plants and hunted down animals for food. They continue to do this by following the animals migrating to areas and picking plants to survive from starvation. However, human beings are growing tired of risking their lives hunting and gathering as well as migrating various areas, so they start to discover that instead of hunting animals and gathering plants for food, humans can grow their own food and raise as well as domesticate animals as livestock for food. Humans then used fertile land to start their own farms and develop. Later, the human being population were increasing rapidly which then came large empires to govern them. To make sure everyone would not suffer from famine, kings commanded their citizens that everyone must have their own farms and share their livestock and crops to the community. Unfortunately, there were problems such as pests eating the crops and numerous diseases infecting livestock. Th ese problems caused widespread famine at any nation, such the Irish Potato Famine and the 1907 Chinese Famine. Decades later, humans have dominated the planet but national leaders are concerned of how to feed the human population. Scientists discover DNA on plants and animals and found out that inside of a DNA, there are certain characteristics and blueprints for whatever creature or plant it has. Scientists wonder if they can somehow manage to manipulate and hijack the DNA of a lifeform toShow MoreRelatedThe United States Of America Essay1514 Words   |  7 Pageswork and wealth, and the failed revolutions of 1848 brought forth many political dissidents seeking safety. In the 1880s, almost one-tenth of Norwegian citizens came to the U.S. Around two million Irish people fled their homeland to escape the deadly Potato Famine of the mid-19th century. Then over two million Germans came to America frustrated with the lack of opportunities as Prussia started industrializing, and the Eng lish and more Irish followed suit. As the century progressed, Italy suffered fromRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesgreatly enhanced our understandings of the natural world and made for major advances in medicine and health care were very often offset by the degradation of the global environment and massive spurts in excessive mortality brought on by warfare, famine, periodic genocidal onslaughts, and worldwide epidemics. In no previous epoch of history was war so vilified and peace so consciously pursued through the establishment of international organizations and diplomatic exchanges. Despite these endeavorsRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesmid-1990s, Boeing introduced the high technology 777, the first commercial aircraft designed entirely with the use of computers. 103 104 †¢ Chapter 7: Airliner Wars: Boeing vs. Airbus—And Recent Outsourcing Woes In efforts to reduce the feast-or-famine cycles of the commercial aircraft business, Boeing acquired Rockwell International’s defense business in 1996, and in 1997 purchased McDonnell Douglas for $16.3 billion. In 1997, Boeing’s commercial aircraft segment contributed 57 percent of total

Contract and Offer Free Essays

Introduction A contract is defined as an agreement enforceable by law. Hence for all contracts there should have an agreement. The agreement arises by one of the parties making an offer and its acceptance by the other party. We will write a custom essay sample on Contract and Offer or any similar topic only for you Order Now Both offer and acceptance create an agreement. In simple contract should first contain an offer made by one party to the other. What is an offer? As per Sec 2(a) of the contract act â€Å"When one person signifies to another his willingness to do or abstain from doing anything, with a view to obtaining the assent of that others to such act or abstinence is said to make a proposal†. The word offer of the English law is synonymous to the word proposal of Indian contract act. The person making the proposal is called the proposer or offeror and the person accepting the proposal is called the offeree. A proposal is an expression of will or intention. A person making the proposal that he is willing to contract on the terms stated in it. The proposal is made to obtain the assent of the other party to whom the proposal is made. When â€Å"A† expresses his willingness to sell motor car for Rs. 10, 000 with a view to get B’s acceptance to his offer, A is said to make a proposal. How is offer made? Offer is made either by words spoken or by words written. This is an express offer. If A either tells or writes to B that he is prepared to sell his car for Rs. 20, 000 it is an express offer. An offer is made by conduct or behaviour. Then it is an implied offer. For example, A is standing in a queue for getting ticket for a train. Characteristics of valid offer 1)The terms of an offer must be clear and certain or at least capable of being made certain. The terms of an offer must be definite, certain and clear. It should not be indefinite, loose or vague. The vagueness of an offer will not create any contractual relationship. The main reason is that the court cannot say what the parties are to do or expected to do a vague offer does not convey what exactly it means. Example:- A agrees to B a hundred tons of oil. There is nothing what so ever to show what kind of oil whether coconut or gingili oil was intended to be sold. Hence the agreement is void for uncertainty and vagueness under section 29 of the contract act. In Taylor Vs Portington A agreed to decorate the room according to present style, the court held that present style is vague and uncertain term and therefore the promise could not be enforced. According to section 29 of the contract act, the agreement in which the term is not certain or capable of being made certain are void and the same cannot be enforced in a court of law. 2)Offer must be communicated to the offeree An offer becomes effective only when it has been communicated to the offeree, otherwise it cannot be known whether the parties are of the same mind. Until an offer is made known to the offeree, he does not know what he has to accept. The offeree must have some knowledge about the offer. Otherwise any act done by him will not create any contractual obligations. In Fitch Vs Snedakar a person gave information (which would lead to the arrest of the murderers of two policemen) without knowing that an award was offered for it, and claimed the award subsequently. It was held that he was not entitled to the award as he was not aware of the same. 3)An offer must be made with an intention of creating legal obligations The most important characteristic of a valid offer is that it must create legal obligation among the parties, otherwise it is not an offer in the eye of law. An offer will not become a promise unless it is made with a view to create legal obligations. If the parties agree that breach of entire party will not give rise to legal rights there is no contract, even though the offer and acceptance have been reduced into writing. An offer must impose some legal duty on the party making it. An offer to perform social act or an invitation to social affairs are not valid offers in the eye of law, because in such cases there is no intention between the parties to create legal obligation. Example:- A invited B to dinner at his house on a particular day. When B went to A’s house on the particular day for dinner, A was not available in the house and the dinner also was not ready. In such a case ,B could not enforce it or claim any compensation for expenses incurred by him and inconvenience caused to him by A, because A’s invitation to dinner did not give rise to a legally binding agreement but is only a social affair. 4)Invitation to an offer is not an offer Quotations, catalogue of goods, advertisements for tender and prospectus of a company are no actual offer. They are mere invitations to offer. In case of an invitation to offer there is no intention on the part of the person sending out the invitation to obtain the assent of the other person to such invitation. Example:- When a merchant sends his quotation, it is not an offer but is only an invitation on his part of his readiness to transact business on those terms. Similarly mere statement of the lowest price at which the vendor would sell, will not amount to an offer. In ‘Harvey Vs Facey’ it was held that mere statement of price is not an offer. 5)Special terms attached to an offer must be communicate When any special terms are to be included in a contract it is the responsibility of the offeror to bring those special terms to the knowledge of the offeree. Otherwise the offeree will not be bound by them. Offeree can be held liable for the non-fulfilment of the conditions only when they have been expressly communicated to him or reasonable notice of the existence of the conditions is brought to his knowledge. Suppose the words ‘seek back’ are printed on the face of the ticket and the conditions are printed on the back. In such cases, even if the passenger has not actually read the conditions, he will be bound by them. 6)An offer may be to an individual or to the public at large When an offer is addressed to a definite person or body of persons it is called a specific offer. When it is addressed to the whole world, it is a general offer. In Carlil Vs Carbolic Smoke ball Company, the company has offered advertisement a reward of Rs 100 to anybody contracting influenza after using the smoke ball according to their direction. Mrs. Carlil used it as directed, but still she had an attack of influenza. It was held that she was entitled to the award of Rs 100 as it was a general offer and she accepted it. 7)Offer may be express or implied An express offer is one which may be made by words spoken or written. Example:- A writes to B that he is prepared to sell his house for Rs 2 lakhs. This is an express offer. An implied offer is one which may be gathered from the conduct of the party of the circumstances of the case. If a person hires a taxi car for going from one place to another he thereby undertakes to pay the fare even thought he makes no express promise to do so. So it is an implied offer. 8)Offer must be made with a view to obtaining the assent of the other party An offer must be distinguished from mere expression of intention. Mere enquiry is not an offer. An offer must be made with a view to obtain the assent of the other party. 9)Offer may be conditional An offer can be made subject to a conditional. In that case it can be accepted only subject to that condition. A conditional offer lapses when the condition is no accepted. 10)Offer should not contain a term, the non compliance of which would amount to acceptance One cannot say while making the offer that if the offer is not accepted before a certain date will be presumed to have been accepted. ASSIGNMENT LEGAL ENVIRONMENT OF BUSINESS SUBMITTED BY; SUBMITTED TO; LAHIYA. K. S MR. AMRITHAKAPPAN MBA 1ST SEM SUBMITTED ON; ROLL NO:35 3-9-2012 BMIM ASSIGNMENT LEGAL ENVIRONMENT OF BUSINESS SUBMITTED BY; SUBMITTED TO; SEBY BABY MR. AMRITHAKAPPAN MBA 1ST SEM SUBMITTED ON; ROLL NO:49 3-9-2012 BMIM ASSIGNMENT LEGAL ENVIRONMENT OF BUSINESS SUBMITTED BY; SUBMITTED TO; CIRIL. JOHNY MR. AMRITHAKAPPAN MBA 1ST SEM SUBMITTED ON; ROLL NO:17 3-9-2012 BIBLOGRAPHY * L. R. POTTY * WWW. LAWDICTIONERY. COM How to cite Contract and Offer, Papers

Segmentation - Targeting - Differentiation and Positioning Strategy

Question: Discuss about theSegmentation,Targeting, Differentiation and Positioning Strategy. Answer: Background The food industry in Australia supplies a diverse range of products. The industry meets the consumer trends such as health and wellbeing which is also convenient and pays value for money. The food and beverage industry in the country contributes in terms of financially and providing employment (Williams, 2017). Sushi Sushi was first launched in Australia 20 years ago. The company has more than 120 locations worldwide. Sushi Sushi offers Japanese cuisine, including additional of salads to the menu. The chefs prepare meals by using ingredients like avocados, authentic Koshihikari rice and Tasmanian salmon (Hoel, et.al. 2015). Market Segmentation The potential market is segmented by Sushi Sushi on the basis of consumer market. Demographic Segmentation Geographic Segmentation Psychographic Segmentation Behavioural Segmentation The demographic segment divides the consumer market into groups on the basis of demographic variables such as age, gender, income, occupation, education and religion. The buyers can be divided into different geographic units such as state, cities, nations, region or neighbourhood. The Psychographic segmentation relates to products, buying behaviour mainly depends on lifestyle and personality characteristics. The buyers are divided on the basis of knowledge, attitude and response towards a product. Segmenting according to age is a great strategy for personalized marketing. For instance, Sushi Sushi targets teenagers, adults and seniors. Income: The market is also segmented on the basis of income. It affects purchasing power and eating habits of consumers. The geographic variables influence need of consumers such as climate, natural resources and territory. Sushi Sushi divides the market into regions because the geographic variables can cause need and want of consumers differ from one region to another. The company segments personality characteristics according to competitiveness, ambitions, aggressiveness, introvert, extrovert etc. The lifestyle of people provides broad view of consumers. So the lifestyle analysis is made on the basis of interest and taste of consumers. On the basis of behaviour market can be segmented on the basis of usage rate which is light, medium and heavy users. The buyers can also be segmented on the basis of their loyalty like hard core loyal, split loyal, shifting loyal and switchers. Appropriate new market segments to be used as potential target market Health conscious people Sushi Sushi targets health conscious people as it is one of the healthy meal options. Fast food lovers People who prefer to eat fast food can also be targeted as it can be new option for them to try. Target Market From the above two options Sushi Sushi can choose segment of health conscious people. As diet food is the new trend in Australia. The people who are diet conscious prefer to eat Sushi as it has a great source of carbohydrates and has negligible fat (Huang, et. al. 2017). It lowers the risk of heart disease, ensures healthy hormonal balance, increases red blood cell count and reduces risk of cancer. So, there is great scope of targeting health conscious people as they can prefer it in their daily meal. The consumer profile includes: Males and females of age 18-34. People who value fresh food. Active, on the go and health consciousness people. People who value packaged food. People who are obliged of value and ability to modify taste of meal. The consumer who value unique method to prepare product: Sushi is made available in different options. Differentiation and Positioning Strategy Product quality: The quality of product differentiates it from the competitors in market. Sushi is a Japanese dish. The products can be imported from Japan to provide better quality. The quality of product ensures more reliability and long term durability (Carey, Caraher, Lawrence Friel, 2016). Competitors: The competitors can be used to establish positioning. It can be made possible by contrasting Sushi Sushi product with competitors. The characteristics of products should be specified to position it better than others. Price: The price can be used to position brand. Sushi Sushi can decide the prices by evaluating the price of competitors. It should keep the prices which are sufficient enough to attract the target market. Promotion: The company can differentiate itself by sale and marketing channels such as inside sales, outside sales, catalogue, web, etc. These all channels can be used together in an integrated manner (Perry Lamb, 2016). Brand strategy: Great brand strategy enunciates differentiation of company against competitors. Sushi Sushi is an already established brand of Japan. So, it can easily differentiate itself from competitors in Australia by using unique value proposition. Now a days brand strategy is the most appropriate one as people are already known from brand. New value proposition The company can new value proposition by offering five products for $4. Such combos are attractive to customers. It is the best strategy to use in the new target market. Positioning statement Sushi Sushi can use its positioning statement double delicious to position itself better in the Australian market (Payne, Frow Eggert, 2017). Positioning map Reference List Carey, R., Caraher, M., Lawrence, M. and Friel, S., 2016. Opportunities and challenges in developing a whole-of-government national food and nutrition policy: lessons from Australias National Food Plan.Public health nutrition,19(1), pp.3-14. Hoel, S., Mehli, L., Bruheim, T., Vadstein, O. and Jakobsen, A.N., 2015. Assessment of microbiological quality of retail fresh sushi from selected sources in Norway.Journal of food protection,78(5), pp.977-982. Huang, H.W., Wu, S.J., Lu, J.K., Shyu, Y.T. and Wang, C.Y., 2017. Current status and future trends of high-pressure processing in food industry.Food Control,72, pp.1-8. Payne, A., Frow, P. and Eggert, A., 2017. The customer value proposition: evolution, development, and application in marketing.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,45(4), pp.467-489. Perry, L.B. and Lamb, S., 2016. Curricular differentiation and stratification in Australia.Orbis scholae,10(3), pp.27-47. Williams, G., 2017. Sustaining Australia's food and agribusiness sector.Food Australia,69(4), p.20.